马铃薯再生体系的建立及其遗传分析

以马铃薯品种中薯2号为试材,筛选不同的培养条件建立了较高效的马铃薯再生体系,并对其再生过程进行了蛋白质检测和RAPD分析。愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA2.25mg.mL-1+NAA0.1￣0.2mg.mL-1,愈伤组织的诱导率达到73.17%～76.01%。自然生长、初代培养和继代培养的马铃薯再生体的水溶性蛋白之间存在着一些差异。利用RAPD标记技术,通过对54个引物的严格筛选,获得了3个扩增产物略有差异的引物。     

Preparation of Chitosan Nanocompositeswith a Macroporous Structure by Unidirectional Freezing and Subsequent Freeze-Drying

Chitosan is the N-deacetylated derivative of chitin, a naturally abundant mucopolysaccharide that consists of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucose through a β (1→4) linkage and is found in nature as the supporting material of crustaceans, insects, etc. Chitosan has been strongly recommended as a suitable functional material because of its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and adsorption properties. Boosting all these excellent properties to obtain unprecedented performances requires the core competences of materials chemists to design and develop novel processing strategies that ultimately allow tailoring the structure and/or the composition of the resulting chitosan-based materials. For instance, the preparation of macroporous materials is challenging in catalysis, biocatalysis and biomedicine, because the resulting materials will offer a desirable combination of high internal reactive surface area and straightforward molecular transport through broad “highways” leading to such a surface. Moreover, chitosan-based composites made of two or more distinct components will produce structural or functional properties not present in materials composed of one single component. Our group has been working lately on cryogenic processes based on the unidirectional freezing of water slurries and/or hydrogels, the subsequent freeze-drying of which produce macroporous materials with a well-patterned structure. We have applied this process to different gels and colloidal suspensions of inorganic, organic, and hybrid materials. In this review, we will describe the application of the process to chitosan solutions and gels typically containing a second component (e.g., metal and ceramic nanoparticles, or carbon nanotubes) for the formation of chitosan nanocomposites with a macroporous structure. We will also discuss the role played by this tailored composition and structure in the ultimate performance of these materials.     

无糖培养条件下三种大豆组培苗生长差异研究

在可控环境下,以有糖培养为对照,对中黄13、中黄25和鑫豆1号三个大豆品种进行了无糖培养试验,探讨了三个品种的组培苗的生长差异和根系活力差异.结果表明,生根培养21 d后,有糖培养处理的大豆组培苗的叶片部分出现黄化现象,无糖培养条件下三种大豆组培苗生长健康,叶色浓绿,生根率均为100%(高于有糖培养),中黄25的根鲜重与根长指标达到最大值,分别为1.02 g和481.6 cm,鑫豆1号的根系活力最高,达到78.62 UTTC·g-1FW·h-1,中黄13与鑫豆1号的根系活力与其有糖培养处理相比差异显著.因此,无糖培养提高了大豆组培苗对环境的适应能力,促进了组培苗的生长发育.     

植物组织培养寻求最佳培养基的方法研究

植物组织培养技术在植物的个体发育、器官再生和生理代谢等理论研究中已成为一种重要手段,最佳培养基的寻找,是组培成败的关键。从基本培养基和植物生长调节剂入手,植物组织培养最佳培养基的研究方法由传统的定性研究转向现代的定量研究,加快寻求最佳培养基的步伐。     

鄂西红豆离体培养及植株再生研究

【目的】对外植体采用特殊处理方法,并对不同培养时期的基本培养基进行调整,以建立高效、快速、繁殖系数高的鄂西红豆再生技术体系。【方法】以成熟度为80%的鄂西红豆种子为外植体,通过向培养基中添加不同质量浓度和配比的植物生长调节物质,筛选适宜的芽诱导培养基、继代增殖培养基、壮苗培养基和生根培养基,并对诱导生根培养的试管苗进行炼苗移栽,观察其成活率。【结果】最适芽诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+KT0.5mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L+维生素B10.1mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂6.5g/L+活性炭1.5g/L,诱导率达85%;最适芽继代增殖培养基为WPM+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+KT 0.3 mg/L+TDZ 0.02 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂6.5g/L+活性炭1.5g/L;无根苗壮苗培养基为WPM+NAA 0.5 mg/L+IBA 1.0 mg/L+IAA 1.0mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂6.5g/L+活性炭1.5g/L。当无根苗生长到4~5cm时形成完整植株并转接到生根培养基上诱导生根,最适生根培养基为1/2WPM+IBA 0.5mg/L+NAA 1.5mg/L+新型基因诱导生根剂0.05mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂6.5g/L+活性炭1.5g/L。【结论】建立的鄂西红豆再生技术体系可获得75%~85%的正常萌芽,生根率达85%以上,瓶苗移栽成活率达90%。     

植物组织培养在育种中的应用

随着植物组织培养技术的日趋完善,在农业中应用越来越广泛,分别从单倍体育种、多倍体育种、远缘杂交育种、人工种子、筛选突变体、转基因育种和种质资源离体保存7个方面论述植物组织培养在育种中的应用.     

巴西牵牛组织培养技术初探

以巴西牵牛试管苗的茎尖为外殖体,对巴西牵牛组织培养技术进行研究,结果表明：巴西牵牛组培苗腋芽生长增殖的最佳培养基为MS＋NAA 0.5 mg/L。     

美国SL-9甘薯茎尖脱毒组织培养的最适激素浓度配比初探

为探索高淀粉甘薯品种美国SL-9茎尖脱毒组织培养的最适激素浓度配比,选择6-BA和α-NAA两种激素,通过不同浓度的配比,利用线性综合评价模型对愈伤组织诱导率L、出芽(成苗)率M和芽长(苗高)N三个培养效果指标进行综合评价。结果表明,最适于该品种茎尖脱毒组织培养的培养基配方为MS+1.00 mg/L6-BA+0.50 mg/Lα-NAA;在此培养基上,美国SL-9愈伤组织诱导率L为83.3%,出芽(成苗)率M为100%,且成苗速度快,培养时间短,接种培养40d苗高达11.4mm,优于其它激素浓度配比。     

台湾过山香组培快繁技术研究

以当年生台湾过山香带腋芽半木质化茎段作为外植体,开展组织培养试验研究,建立组培快繁体系。结果表明:最佳外植体诱导培养基为1/2MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,诱导率可达89.7%;最佳增殖培养基为DCR+6-BA 0.8 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,增殖率达5.24倍,继代周期为35 d,不定芽生长状况好;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L+ABT 1生根粉0.4 mg/L,生根率达95.26%;以泥炭土:黄心土:珍珠岩:钙镁磷肥(3.0:2.0:1.0:0.2),移栽成活率达93.7%,且7 d缓苗,茎秆木质化迅速,茎《浓绿,长势好。     

植物组织培养:最新进展和潜在的应用(英文)

植物组织培养体系在基础研究和商业应用中具有巨大的潜能,例如园艺产业。组织培养过程伴随着一系列关于形态学、生理学、生物化学、分子和表观遗传的改变。分子水平的改变主要包括基因突变、DNA重组、染色体变异和表观遗传调控(DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑、小RNA调节)。这些改变被认为能促进外植体对培养环境的适应并有益于随后的形态发生。目前,组培已在商业应用和细胞生物学、遗传学、生物化学等基本研究中发挥了重要作用。本文重点介绍了植物组织培养的原理概念、培养基的制作、外植体的选择、各种激素的作用机理、植物离体快速繁殖的3大难题(外植体的污染、褐变、试管苗的玻璃化)以及防止措施,并详细阐述了植物离体快繁、无病毒苗木培育、培养细胞突变体、人工种子和离体培养期间分子水平的变化。